论文摘要的英文翻译，急

1. 论文摘要的英文翻译，急

Investment has different meanings in different areas. But in the ares of finance and economics, the word-investment, carries more or less the same connotations, which means a certain degree of an accumulation of property so as to obtain more profits in the long run. From the perspective of technology or technically speaking, investment means "a behavior of putting certain things in other places."  However, from the perspective of finance, long-time investment tends to yield a sustained gain in cash flow sometime in the future, i.e., an accumulation of future profits.
对不起，没时间译下去了。

2. 跪求论文摘要的英文翻译呀。拜托啦。

宁波服装加工企业SWOT分析与发展对策浅析

摘  要
中国是世界第一的“服装制造大国”，而宁波作为浙江省服装业的龙头，是国内最大服装产业基地之一。宁波是“红帮裁缝”的发祥地，是古代海上“丝绸之路”主要起泊地，近代服装的发祥地之一。基于历史的传统优势和深厚的服饰文化底蕴，促进了宁波服装加工业的兴起，同时带动了很多小企业的发展。但是“宁波制造”能够享誉国内外，靠得不是品牌而是OEM(贴牌生产)。由于是贴牌生产，服装加工企业的成本投入几乎最大，但获取的收益却几乎最小。本课题对宁波服装加工企业进行SWOT的全面分析，寻找发展契机，使加工型企业走出困境，实现产业的升级转型，有利于宁波服装市场的开发与国际接轨。


SWOT Analysis of garment processing enterprises and measures for development in Ningbo

Abstract


China is the largest clothing manufacturing country in the world. And Ningbo, in China, as garment industry leader in Zhejiang Province, is one of the largest domestic garment industry bases. Ningbo is the birthplace of "Hong Band tailors ", one major port of the “the Maritime Silk Road”, and one of the origins of Chinese modern clothing. Based on traditional advantage of history and deep heritage of clothing culture, it had promoted the rise of Ningbo garment processing industry, while having driven development of lots of small businesses. However, the reputation of "Made in Ningbo" at home and abroad had depended on OEM rather than brands. Therefore by OEM, the cost of garment processing business is almost maximal, and the gains are almost minimal. This article gives a comprehensive SWOT analysis of garment processing enterprises in Ningbo, in order to seek for development opportunities, thus to get processing enterprises out of difficulties, and to achieve industrial upgrading and transformation, and it can help develop Ningbo garment market to integrate with the global system.

3. 跪求论文摘要翻译成英语

Pharmaceutical water refers to the quality standard of pharmaceutical process in different water.制药用水是指用于制药工艺过程中的质量标准各不相同的水。
This paper introduces the basic concept, pharmaceutical water quality requirements, inspection items and the range of application of the pharmaceutical water, microbial limit testing focuses on testing items.本文介绍了制药用水的基本概念，水质要求，应用范围以及制药用水的检项，检项中着重阐述微生物限度检测。
"Good manufacturing practice" (2010 Revision) ninety-ninth provisions: purified water, water for injection preparation, storage and distribution should be able to prevent the breeding of microorganisms.《药品生产管理规范》（2010 年修订）第九十九条规定：纯化水、注射用水的制备、贮存和分配应当能够防止微生物的滋生。
Rule 100th: should quality on the pharmaceutical water and raw water are regularly monitored, and the corresponding record.第一百条规定：应当对制药用水及原水的水质进行定期监测，并有相应记录。
If it is found that the microbial contamination of water reached the warning limit, deviation limit shall be handled in accordance with the operation process.若发现制药用水微生物污染达到警戒限度、纠偏限度时应当按照操作过程处理。
Objective: microbial limit test method through the verification process efficient and reasonable formulation of pharmaceutical water, make the microbial limit pharmaceutical water and the inspection requirements to meet the new version of GMP.目的：通过高效合理的验证过程制定制药用水的微生物限度检验方法，使制药用水的微生物限度以及各检项满足新版GMP的要求。


已翻译，请采纳！

4. 论文摘要 急求英文翻译

在六大会计要素中，资产是最重要的会计要素之一，与资产相关的会计信息是财务报表使用者关注的重要信息。 
In six major accounting elements, assets is the most important accounting elements, and assets of the accounting information is relevant financial statements attention important information. 

然而长期以来，我国上市公司普遍存在资产不实、利润虚增的情况，从而使资产减值问题一度成为我国会计规范的热点问题。 
However, long-term since, our country listed companies generally existing assets are not solid, profit empty to add the situation, thus make asset impairment once become China's accounting norms hot issue. 

人们也期望通过会计上的法律法规减少信息的不对称，让企业向广大投资者提供真实有效的信息。 
People are also looking through the accounting of laws and regulations reduce the information asymmetry, enabling enterprises to broad investor provide real and effective information. 

我国自1998年开始，要求上市公司、香港上市公司、在境外发行外资股的公司计提“四项准备”即坏账准备、短期投资跌价准备、存货跌价准备和长期投资减值准备。 
Our country since 1998 began, requirements listed company, Hong Kong listed companies, issue overseas foreign company provision for "the four preparation" namely the provision for, short term investment write-down, inventory write-down and long-term investment impairment. 

2001年财政部正式颁布了《企业会计制度》，把“四项准备“扩充到”八项准备，增加了固定资产减值准备、无形资产减值准备、在建工程减值准备和委托贷款减值准备。2006年2月15日，我国正式颁布《企业会计准则第八号—资产减值》（CAS8），并于2007年1月1日起在上市公司正式实施。资产减值会计准则的出台，规范了企业会计核算行为，提高了会计信息质量。但在准则实施过程中也存在不少上市公司利用减值进行盈余管理、操纵利润，尤其是一些微利公司及重亏公司更加明显。 
In 2001, the ministry of finance formally promulgated the "enterprise accounting system", "four ready to" expanded "eight preparation, increased the fixed assets impairment, intangible assets impairment, construction-in-progress impairment and entrust loan impairment. February 15, 2006, China formally promulgated the accounting standards for enterprises - 8 CAS8 asset impairment, (2007), and in January 1 in the listed company officially implemented. Asset impairment of accounting standards issued, which standardizes the enterprise accounting behavior, improve the quality of accounting information. But in standards implementation process also has many listed companies use impairment earnings management, operation profit, especially a few small profit the company and heavy kui company more apparent. 

鉴于计提减值准备的重要性和我国现阶段计提减值准备的种种问题，对上市公司资产减值加以重视和研究是十分迫切和重要的。 
In view of the importance and provision shall be made at present provision shall be made all sorts of problems, on the listed company asset impairment to attention and research is very urgent and important. 

本文将以资产减值准备的理论基础作为研究起点，深入了解计提八项资产减值准备对我国上市公司的影响，继而研究当前我国上市公司资产减值会计存在的主要问题并作出成因分析，并为完善资产减值准备会计制度的提出对策及建议。 
Based on the theoretical basis of assets impairment, in-depth understanding as research point eight assets impairment provision of China's listed companies, and then studies the influence of current our country to be listed property depreciation accountant main existing problems and make the cause analysis, and for perfecting the assets impairment accounting system of the proposed countermeasures and Suggestions.

5. 急求论文英语摘要翻译

虽然我是专八，看到这玩意仍觉风中凌乱——在实践中。。。实践的伟大结果。目前发展的现状，难道还有过去和将来的发展“现状”吗？
词汇：1.兴起rise. 繁荣兴盛prosper. 两者差距很大的。。。
2.新时期new period；新世纪new age；新时代new times；新纪元new era
3..其加快发展的重要性：the impt of their accelerationg dvpment. 类似用法，网上查得到。.
4. 问题及其原因：causes，不是reasons。两者区别很大的。。。
 
Abstract: The rise of China’s Township and Village Enterprises is a great outcome of Chinese people’s continuous grope, exploration and practice, and is a good beginning concerning the development of China’s rural undertakings and the rise of towns and cities. This paper elaborates on the connotations of Township and Village Enterprises and the importance of their accelerating development, analyses with a combination of the status quo the major problems and their causes existing in the development of Township and Village Enterprises during the new periods and brings forth the countermeasures to promote the development of Township and Village Enterprises.
key words: Township and Village Enterprises ;status quo;predicament; development
不好意思，关键词漏了，补上。

6. 论文摘要 英语翻译。

摘要：物价变动是经济活动中一个极为敏感的问题，它既影响企业的生产经营活动，也影响到会计核算结果的真实性。 
Abstract: price changes in economic activity is a very sensitive problem, it not only affects the production and operation of enterprises activities, also affect the authenticity of accounting results. 

物价因劳动生产率的变化、货币价值本身的变动、商品的市场供求关系的变化、垄断和竞争的作用等诸多因素的影响而发生变动。 
Prices for labor productivity change, monetary value itself changes, commodity market supply and demand change, the role of monopoly and competition the influence of factors such as happens fluctuant. 

物价变动，会使以历史成本和币值稳定假设为基础进行的会计核算受到冲击。 
Price changes, can make the historical cost and currency stable hypothesis of accounting basis to suffer. 

由于供求关系、市场结构、技术进步使得商品价格波动幅度加大，使按历史成本会计提供的会计信息失真，物价上涨导致低估资产、少计成本和虚计利润，使企业处于清算状态； 
As supply and demand, market structure, technical advances allow commodity price fluctuations increase, make the historical cost accounting provides the distortion of accounting information, rising prices lead to undervalued assets, less cost and virtual project project profits, causes the enterprise to be in liquidation state; 

物价下跌，导致高估资产、多摊成本和少计利润，使企业秘密准备得以形成，给国家税收带来损失。 
The price will go down, leading to overstate assets, much booth cost and less profit, make enterprise secret plan to prepare to form, losses from state tax. 

消除物价变动对会计核算的影响，真实地反映企业财务状况和经营成果，已成为会计核算的一个重要组成部分。 
Eliminate price changes the influence of accounting, truly reflect an enterprise's financial position and operating results, has become one of the most important accounting component parts. 

因此我们应通过分析物价变动对会计核算的影响，并有针对性地提出了切实可行的减轻和消除这些影响的对策，从而防止会计信息失真，改进和完善我国企业的财务管理，推动整个社会主义市场经济的进步。 
So we should through the analysis of price changes accounting influence, and pertinently put forward the feasible reduce and eliminate these effects countermeasures, thereby preventing the distortion of accounting information, improve and perfect our country enterprise financial management, promote the progress of socialist market economy.

7. 论文摘要 英文翻译求助

摘要 
the 

薪酬管理是现代企业人力资源管理的重要内容之一，合理的薪酬制度、有效的薪酬体系能够极大地激发企业员工的潜力和忠诚度，增强员工的满意度和对组织的归属感最终能够极大地提升企业的竞争能力。 
Salary management of modern enterprise human resources management is one of the important content, reasonable salary system, effective compensation system can greatly stimulate enterprise staff's potential and loyalty, and increase employee satisfaction and organizational belonging will eventually be able to greatly increase the enterprise the competitive ability. 

本文在阐述薪酬管理对现代企业人力资源管理重要作用的基础上，分析了薪酬管理内涵、主要内容及功能，接着研究了现代企业薪酬制度和结构设计的相关内容，分析了传统薪酬制度易产生的几个误区、知识经济对薪酬制度创新提出的新要求，并提示现代企业薪酬管理制度的创新趋势。 
Based on the expatiation of modern enterprise salary management, human resource management on the basis of an important role, analyzes the connotation, main content salary management, then studies the function and modern enterprise salary system and structure design, analyses the relevant contents of the traditional salary system easy to produce some pitfalls, knowledge economy on salary system innovation proposed the new requirements, and prompt the modern enterprise salary management system innovation tendency. 

最后指出了薪酬体系实施需要注意的问题，以期能够对企业人力资源管理带来一定的借鉴。 
At last, it points out that the salary system implementation issues need to be paid attention to, in order to bring enterprise human resources management of certain reference. 

关键词：激励； 
Keywords: incentives; 

企业制度创新； 
Enterprise system innovation; 

薪酬管理 
Salary management

8. 论文摘要英语翻译

Abstract:At the present stage,the real estate has become an integral part of major economic sectors. Currently, as one of the levers of revenue to macro-control real estate market,Land Appreciation Tax plays an important role in regulating appreciation revenue received by real estate development enterprise and inhibiting investment impulse. Land Appreciation Tax is a powerful measure to protect the fair distribution of income, and promote healthy development of real estate market as well.All tax authorities should conscientiously implement the circular of the State Council,pay high focus on collection and management of Land Appreciation Tax, further settling the Land Appreciation Tax and strengthening tax regulation.While ensuring that the pre-charging of Land Appreciation Tax system combining with enterprise system.

Key words: Land Appreciation Tax, Land Appreciation Tax settlement, Land Appreciation Tax pre-charging.

我不知道怎么翻译这个“土地增值税预征”。期望高手指教。